基础运算 Base

1sum

an addition; the total when numbers are added

和；加法结果

2difference

the result of subtracting one number from another

差；减法结果

3product

the result of multiplying numbers together

积；乘法结果

4quotient

the result of dividing one number by another

商；除法结果

5factor

a number that divides into another exactly

因数；约数

6multiple

the result of multiplying a number by a whole number

倍数

7remainder

what is left over after division

余数

8estimate

an approximate answer, close enough

估算

9round

to change a number to the nearest ten, hundred and so on

四舍五入

10place value

the value of a digit based on its position

位值

11decimal

a number with a decimal point, like 3.75

小数

12fraction

a part of a whole, written like one half

分数

13numerator

the top number in a fraction

分子

14denominator

the bottom number in a fraction

分母

15equivalent

equal in value, even if written differently

等值的

16simplify

to write something in its simplest form

化简

17improper fraction

a fraction where the top is bigger than the bottom

假分数

18mixed number

a whole number and a fraction together

带分数

19percentage

a fraction out of one hundred

百分比

20increase

to become larger

增加

21decrease

to become smaller

减少

22average

the mean; a typical middle value

平均数

23mean

the sum divided by how many there are

平均数（均值）

24median

the middle value when data is ordered

中位数

25mode

the value that appears most often

众数

26range

the difference between the largest and smallest value

极差；范围

27total

the whole amount

总计

28balance

the amount of money in an account

账户余额

29interest

money earned or paid for saving or borrowing

利息

30discount

an amount taken off a price

折扣

31profit

money made after costs are paid

利润

32loss

when costs are more than money made

亏损

33ratio

a comparison of two amounts, like 2 to 3

比

34proportion

a part compared with the whole

比例

35scale

the size of a drawing compared with real life

比例尺

36rate

a comparison with different units, like speed

比率；速率

37unitary method

a method that finds the value of one unit first

归一法

38profit margin

the percentage of money left after costs

利润率

39commission

a payment based on a percentage of sales

佣金；提成

40GST

the goods and services tax added to prices

消费税

代数 Algebra

41term

a single number or letter in an expression

项

42coefficient

the number in front of a letter, like 3 in 3x

系数

43variable

a letter that stands for an unknown number

变量；未知数

44constant

a value that never changes

常数

45expression

numbers and letters combined without an equals sign

表达式

46equation

a statement that two things are equal

方程

47inequality

a statement using less than or greater than

不等式

48substitute

to replace a letter with a number

代入

49expand

to multiply out the brackets

展开（去括号）

50factorise

to write as a product of factors

因式分解

51like terms

terms with the same letters and powers

同类项

52simplify (algebra)

to combine like terms into a shorter form

化简（合并同类项）

53solve

to find the value of the unknown

解（方程）

54verify

to check that an answer is correct

验算

55formula

a rule written with letters, like A equals L times W

公式

56linear

forming a straight line

一次的；线性的

57gradient

the steepness of a line

斜率

58slope

another word for gradient

斜率（同 gradient）

59intercept

where a line crosses an axis

截距

60quadratic

an equation with an x squared term

二次的

61parabola

the U-shaped curve of a quadratic

抛物线

62simultaneous equations

two or more equations solved together

联立方程

63surds

square roots that are not whole numbers

无理根式

64rationalise

to remove a root from the bottom of a fraction

分母有理化

65index

a power, like the 2 in x squared

指数

66indices

plural of index; powers

指数（复数）

67exponent

another word for index or power

指数；幂

68laws of indices

rules for multiplying and dividing powers

指数运算法则

69exponential

growth that gets faster and faster

指数的；指数增长

70logarithm

the power you need to reach a number

对数

71sequence

an ordered list of numbers

数列

72arithmetic progression

a sequence adding the same amount each time

等差数列

73geometric progression

a sequence multiplying by the same amount each time

等比数列

74term rule

a rule that gives any term of a sequence

通项公式

75series

the sum of a sequence

级数；数列求和

76function

a rule that turns an input into one output

函数

77domain

the set of inputs a function allows

定义域

78inverse function

the function that undoes another function

反函数

79composite function

a function made from two functions

复合函数

80notation

a way of writing symbols

符号表示法

81rearrange

to move terms around to isolate a letter

移项变形

82absolute value

the size of a number without its sign

绝对值

83factor theorem

a test to see if something is a factor

因式定理

84remainder theorem

a way to find the remainder without dividing

余数定理

几何与测量 Geometry

85area

the amount of surface inside a shape

面积

86perimeter

the distance around the outside of a shape

周长

87volume

the amount of space inside a solid

体积

88surface area

the total area of all faces

表面积

89circumference

the distance around a circle

圆周长

90radius

the distance from the centre to the edge

半径

91diameter

the distance right across a circle

直径

92tangent

a line that touches a curve at one point

切线

93chord

a line joining two points on a circle

弦

94sector

a slice of a circle like a pizza piece

扇形

95segment

a part cut off by a line

弓形；线段

96arc

a curved part of the circle's edge

弧

97similar

same shape but different size

相似的

98congruent

exactly the same shape and size

全等的

99polygon

a flat shape with straight sides

多边形

100quadrilateral

a shape with four sides

四边形

101parallelogram

a four sided shape with opposite sides parallel

平行四边形

102trapezium

a four sided shape with one pair of parallel sides

梯形

103rhombus

a parallelogram with all sides equal

菱形

104vertex

a corner point where edges meet

顶点

105vertices

more than one vertex

顶点（复数）

106diagonal

a line joining two corners not next to each other

对角线

107parallel

always the same distance apart, never meeting

平行的

108perpendicular

meeting at a right angle

垂直的

109intersection

the point where lines cross

交点

110angle

the space between two lines meeting at a point

角

111acute

an angle less than 90 degrees

锐角的

112obtuse

an angle between 90 and 180 degrees

钝角的

113reflex

an angle bigger than 180 degrees

优角的（大于180°）

114adjacent

next to each other

邻的；相邻的

115complementary

two angles that add to 90 degrees

互余的

116supplementary

two angles that add to 180 degrees

互补的

117bisect

to cut exactly in half

平分

118triangle

a shape with three sides

三角形

119equilateral

all three sides the same length

等边的

120isosceles

two sides the same length

等腰的

121scalene

all sides different lengths

不等边的

122hypotenuse

the longest side of a right angled triangle

斜边

123Pythagoras

the rule for right angled triangles

勾股定理

124trigonometry

the maths of triangles and angles

三角学

125sine

a ratio used in right angled triangles

正弦

126cosine

another ratio used in triangles

余弦

127tangent ratio

opposite over adjacent in a triangle

正切（对边比邻边）

128bearings

a direction measured clockwise from north

方位角

129scale drawing

a drawing made smaller but in proportion

比例图

130net

a flat shape you fold into a solid

展开图

131prism

a solid with the same cross section all along

棱柱

132cylinder

a solid with circular ends and straight sides

圆柱

133cone

a solid with a circular base and a point

圆锥

134sphere

a perfectly round ball shape

球

135pyramid

a solid with a polygon base and triangular sides

棱锥

136cross section

the shape you see when you slice through

横截面

137dimension

a measurement such as length, width or height

维度；尺寸

138unit conversion

changing from one unit to another

单位换算

139capacity

how much a container can hold

容积

140density

mass per unit of volume

密度

141symmetry

when a shape matches itself when folded

对称

142axis of symmetry

the line a shape folds along

对称轴

143rotation

turning a shape about a point

旋转

144reflection

a mirror image of a shape

反射；镜像

145translation

sliding a shape without turning

平移

146enlargement

making a shape bigger or smaller

放大；相似变换

147transformation

a change in position or size

变换

148bearing

a direction in degrees

方位角

149parallel lines

lines that never meet

平行线

150alternate angles

angles on opposite sides of a transversal

内错角

151corresponding angles

angles in matching positions

同位角

152co-interior angles

angles inside on the same side

同旁内角

153quadrant

one of four sections of a graph

象限

154coordinate

a pair of numbers giving a position

坐标

155ordinates

the y values on a graph

纵坐标（y 值）

156abscissa

the x value of a point

横坐标（x 值）

统计与概率 Statistics

157data

information collected, like numbers or scores

数据

158categorical

data that fits into groups or names

分类的（数据）

159numerical

data made of numbers

数值的

160discrete

data that can only be counted in whole numbers

离散的

161continuous

data that can be any value, like height

连续的

162frequency

how often something happens

频数

163frequency table

a table counting how often each value occurs

频数表

164tally

marks used to count quickly

画记计数

165histogram

a graph of grouped continuous data

直方图

166bar chart

a graph with bars for each category

条形图

167pie chart

a circle chart showing each group's share

饼图

168stem and leaf plot

a way to show small data sets

茎叶图

169scatter plot

a graph showing the link between two variables

散点图

170line of best fit

the straight line that best follows the points

最佳拟合线

171correlation

how strongly two things are linked